Subclassification within SC/ST reservations

During the first day of the Supreme Court hearing on subclassification within SC/ST reservations, significant observations were made regarding efficiency and its link to diversity. The bench, led by CJI Chandrachud, challenged the conventional definition of efficiency, suggesting that including marginalized groups actually enhances administrative effectiveness.

They argued that the Constitution doesn't imply inefficiency of marginalized groups, but rather fosters social inclusion through their representation.

Punjab's advocate general supported subclassification within SC/ST communities, advocating for preference to Balmikis and Mazhabi Sikhs. He emphasized that efficiency is contextual and diversity strengthens administration, especially in dealing with diverse populations.

However, questions arose about addressing subgroups within SC/STs that have achieved progress. Justice Nath inquired if such groups should exit the reservation system and compete generally, allowing others to benefit. Similar views were expressed by Justice Gavai, suggesting forward-moving subgroups exit to create space for those truly needing the quota.

While acknowledging Parliament's authority to decide such matters, Justice Gavai pointed out the potential generational advantage enjoyed by SC/ST individuals in higher positions, questioning the continued need for reservations. Punjab's advocate general agreed with the idea of forward subgroups exiting, noting the applicability of the "creamy layer" test in promotions.

The hearing will continue, exploring the complexities of subclassification within SC/ST reservations and its impact on both efficiency and equality. This case revisits the 2005 judgment that deemed subclassification impermissible, highlighting the ongoing debate and the need for nuanced consideration.

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