COP 28 And Major Highlights

(GS PAPER 3 : Environment , Biodiversity and Conservation)

The 28th Conference of the Parties (COP 28) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is taking place in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, from 30 November to 12 December 2023. The conference is expected to be a critical moment to accelerate action on climate change and prevent the worst impacts of the climate crisis.

Here are some of the key decisions that are expected to be made at COP 28:

• Global stocktake: Governments will take a decision on the global stocktake, which is a comprehensive review of progress made on climate action since the Paris Agreement was adopted in 2015. The stocktake is expected to provide a basis for governments to raise their ambition on climate action.

• Loss and damage: Governments will discuss how to address loss and damage, which is the irreversible and permanent damage that is caused by climate change. This is a critical issue for developing countries, which are already experiencing the worst impacts of climate change.

• Finance: Governments will discuss how to scale up climate finance, which is the money that is needed to support developing countries in their efforts to adapt to and mitigate climate change.

• Adaptation: Governments will discuss how to strengthen adaptation action, which is the work that is being done to help people and ecosystems adapt to the impacts of climate change.

• Mitigation: Governments will discuss how to accelerate mitigation action, which is the work that is being done to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

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COP 28 is also expected to focus on a number of other important issues, including:

• The role of technology in addressing climate change

• The role of cities in addressing climate change

• The role of indigenous peoples and local communities in addressing climate change

The outcomes of COP 28 will be crucial in determining whether the world is on track to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement, which are to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius, preferably to 1.5 degrees Celsius, compared to pre-industrial levels.